ReviewSingle nucleotide polymorphism in genome-wide association of human population: A tool for broad spectrum service

Genome-wide patterns of variation across individuals provide most powerful source of data for uncovering the history of migration, expansion, and adaptation of the human population. The arrival of new technologies that type more than millions of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single experiment has made SNP in genome-wide association (GWA) assay a prudent venture. SNPs represent the most widespread type of sequence variation in genomes, and known as valuable genetic markers for revealing the evolutionary history and common genetic polymorphisms that explain the heritable risk for common diseases. Characterizing the nature of gene variation in human populations and assembling an extensive catalog of SNPs in candidate genes in association with particular diseases are the major goals of human genetics. In this article we explore the recent discovery of SNP–GWA to revolutionize not only the process of genetic variation and disease detection but also the convention of preventative and curative medicine for future prospects.Keywords: SNPs; Genetic variation; Human population; Disease risk; Drug developmentThe Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2013) 14, 123–13

A lightweight and secure multilayer authentication scheme for wireless body area networks in healthcare system

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have lately been combined with different healthcare equipment to monitor patients' health status and communicate information with their healthcare practitioners. Since healthcare data often contain personal and sensitive information, it is important that healthcare systems have a secure way for users to log in and access resources and services. The lack of security and presence of anonymous communication in WBANs can cause their operational failure. There are other systems in this area, but they are vulnerable to offline identity guessing attacks, impersonation attacks in sensor nodes, and spoofing attacks in hub node. Therefore, this study provides a secure approach that overcomes these issues while maintaining comparable efficiency in wireless sensor nodes and mobile phones. To conduct the proof of security, the proposed scheme uses the Scyther tool for formal analysis and the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) model for informal analysis. Furthermore, the suggested technique outperforms the existing symmetric and asymmetric encryption-based schemes

An Evaluation of Space Use Efficiency in Residential Houses, Kabul City

Space efficiency is one of the significant segments of building that requires consideration. This study focuses on the evaluation of space use efficiency in existing residential buildings and seeks to look at the current space use practices in interior design. The study analyzes (1) how the interior space of buildings is used. (2) Considering the architectural guidelines to evaluate the space deficit of buildings. Therefore, the study takes the form of a literature review, with direct observation used for data collection. A total of six residential houses were observed, with interior space dimensions and areas measured using measurement tools. Comparative analysis is a technique used for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that most residential buildings are not meeting space use regulations and standards ascribed to not considering the interior design process and governmental building guidelines. Most of the constructed buildings were not properly designed, the architectural design procedure was not considered. The study concluded with suggestions for raising public awareness about architectural design significance, imposing governmental regulation and building laws, and eradicating nonengineered construction in the city. Findings will serve clients and municipalities; policymakers should concentrate on public awareness and imposing building laws to ensure affordable houses in Kabul city

Attitudes among young adults in Palestine about peers with substance use problems: Challenges and opportunities for community intervention design

Social reintegration is necessary to support people in recovery from addiction, but it is often difficult in Palestine due to stigma. Bin Hussein’s instrument for measuring receptivity to social reintegration in various contexts in Saudi Arabia was employed for comparison in the West Bank. Data were collected in 2013 at Al-Quds University at the Abu Dis campus. More than half of the respondents have moderate attitudes toward social reintegration of people in recovery. There were no significant relationships between perceptions about social reintegration and gender, age, year in college, area of academic focus, and form of residence. Implications are discussed.The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article

Electron Momentum Density in Nickel (Ni)

In this paper, Compton profile of (Ni) was Calculated by employing both the renormalized-free atom(RFA) model and free electron(FE) model setting several configurations in subset (3d-4s). The results were compared with recent data ,It shows that the RFA calculation in(3d8.8-4s1.2) gives a better agreement with experiment.The calculated data used for the first time also to compute the cohesive energy of Nickle and compared it with available data. The Band structure and Density of state of Nickel crystals(DFT-LDA) also calculated by using code Quantum wise.Keywords: Compton profile,Electron momentum density, Cohesive energy, Band structure, Density of state

Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use during the COVID-19 pandemic among different hospitals in Pakistan : findings and implications

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced antimicrobial use in hospitals raising concerns regarding increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through their overuse. The objective of this study was to assess patterns of antimicrobial prescribing during the current COVID-19 pandemic among hospitals in Pakistan, including the prevalence of COVID-19. A point prevalence survey (PPS) was performed among 11 different hospitals from November 2020 to January 2021. The study included all hospitalized patients receiving an antibiotic on the day of the PPS. The Global-PPS web-based application was used for data entry and analysis. Out of 1024 hospitalized patients, 662 (64.64%) received antimicrobials. The top three most common indications for antimicrobial use were pneumonia (13.3%), central nervous system infections (10.4%) and gastrointestinal indications (10.4%). Ceftriaxone (26.6%), metronidazole (9.7%) and vancomycin (7.9%) were the top three most commonly prescribed antimicrobials among surveyed patients, with the majority of antibiotics administered empirically (97.9%). Most antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis were given for more than one day, which is a concern. Overall, a high percentage of antimicrobial use, including broad-spectrums, was seen among the different hospitals in Pakistan during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Multifaceted interventions are needed to enhance rational antimicrobial prescribing including limiting their prescribing post-operatively for surgical prophylaxis

COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may predispose patients to thrombotic disease, both in the venous and arterial circulations, due to excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. In addition, many patients receiving antithrombotic therapy for thrombotic disease may develop COVID-19, which can have implications for choice, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of antithrombotic therapy. Moreover, during a time with much focus on COVID-19, it is critical to consider how to optimize the available technology to care for patients without COVID-19 who have thrombotic disease. Herein, we review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, management and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who develop venous or arterial thrombosis, and of those with preexisting thrombotic disease who develop COVID-19, or those who need prevention or care for their thrombotic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/1/Bikdeli-2020-COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromb.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/3/DeepBluepermissions_agreement-CCBYandCCBY-NC_ORCID_Barnes.docxhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/4/license_rdf.rdfDescription of Bikdeli-2020-COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromb.pdf : ArticleDescription of DeepBluepermissions_agreement-CCBYandCCBY-NC_ORCID_Barnes.docx : Deep Blue sharing agreemen

Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin

_Objective:_ Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin (SDRPEP) has proven effective and feasible, and is recommended by WHO since 2018. This SDR-PEP toolkit was developed through the experience of the leprosy postexposure prophylaxis (LPEP) programme. It has been designed to facilitate and standardise the implementation of contact tracing and SDR-PEP administration in regions and countries that start the intervention. _Results:_ Four tools were developed, incorporating the current evidence for SDRPEP and the methods and learnings from the LPEP project in eight countries. (1) th